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Prelims 2020-Important Facts Regarding Environment(Compilation)

  Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety Governing the movements of living modified organisms (LMOs) resulting from modern biotechnology from one country to another.     Supplementary agreement to CBD. Advance Informed Agreement (AIA) procedure Applies to the first intentional transboundary movement of an LMO for intentional introduction into the environment of the Party of import. Supplementary agreement to CBD. Nagoya Protocol On Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization (ABS).   Access and Benefit-sharing Clearing-House (ABS Clearing-House).   Supplementary agreement to CBD. Geneva Protocol For the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare. It is a treaty prohibiting the use of chemical and biological weapons in intern
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Prelims 2020-Modern History till 1885 .Timeline and Important Facts (Compilation)

  Year Events Governor-General & Viceroy 1600-1650   1600- Charter by queen solely right to commerce in the east.   1608- Captain William Hawkins Reached Surat- Request Jahangir to give permission to business.   1609- Jahangir issued a Farman permitting English to establish a factory permanently at Surat.   1613- The English East India Company's factory was set up at Surat   1615- Sir Thomas Roe obtained two farmans from the Mughal Court confirming free trade with exemption from inland toll.   1616- The East India Company established its branch factory at Masulipatnam.   1632-Golden Farman issued by Sultan of Golkunda- with the right to trade in the kingdom of Golkunda for a fixed customs duty   1633- The eastern branch factory of East India Company was established in Hariharpur, Balasore   1639- The local king of Madras(Now Chennai) granted the Company a leas
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How To Stay Motivated !

Imagine you are playing tennis. If you try to play a serious match against a four-year-old, you will quickly become bored. The match is too easy. On the opposite end of the spectrum, if you try to play a serious match against a professional tennis player like Roger Federer or Serena Williams, you will find yourself demotivated for a different reason. The match is too difficult. Compare these experiences to playing tennis against someone who is your equal. As the game progresses, you win a few points and you lose a few points. You have a chance of winning the match, but only if you really try. Your focus narrows, distractions fade away, and you find yourself fully invested in the task at hand. The challenge you are facing is “just manageable.” Victory is not guaranteed, but it is possible. Tasks like these, science has found, are the most likely to keep us motivated in the long term. Human beings love challenges, but only if they are within the optimal zone of difficulty. Task
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Public Funding Of Elections

What is state or public funding of elections? This means that government gives funds to political parties or candidates for contesting elections. Its main purpose is to make it unnecessary for contestants to take money from powerful moneyed interests so that they can remain clean. Why public funding is good?  Political parties and candidates need money for their electoral campaigns, to keep contacts with their constituencies, to prepare policy decisions and to pay professional staff. Therefore, public funding is a natural and necessary cost of democracy.  Public funding can limit the influence of interested money and thereby help curb corruption.  Public funding can increase transparency in party and candidate finance and thereby help curb corruption.  In societies where many citizens are under or just above the poverty line, they cannot be expected to donate large amounts of money to political parties or candidates. If parties and candidates receive at least a basic
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Extension of British Paramountcy

British Paramountcy followed two-fold approach for Expansion and Consolidation of British power in India  Policy of annexation by conquest or war Policy of annexation by diplomacy and administrative mechanism Under "Policy of annexation by diplomacy and administrative mechanism" head we would discuss three policies- Ring-fence Policy – Warren Hastings Subsidiary Alliance – Wellesley Doctrine of Lapse – Dalhousie The Policy of Ring-Fence:  Aimed at creating buffer zones to defend the Company’s frontiers, it was the policy of defence of their neighbors’ frontiers for safeguarding their own territories. This policy of Warren Hastings was reflected in his war against the Marathas and Mysore. To safeguard Company’s territories was from the Afghan invaders and the Marathas, the Company undertook to organise the defence of the frontiers of Awadh on the condition that that the Nawab would defray the expenses of the defending army. The states brou
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The Philosophy of Equality: SOCIALISM

Socialism is born to correct the Economical and Ethical problems of capitalism. While Capitalism promotes the Value of Liberty , Socialism promotes Value of Equality . But for Socialism, here arise two basic questions: 1. Equality for what? 2. How will we get Equality? Equality For What? Here Equality means Equality in Results, Unlike Equality of Laws in case of Liberalism. In socialism, this is not only Equality in opportunities but also Equality in the Outcomes which Ensures for the fulfillment of the basic needs of the people in spite of their abilities to earn. Equal rights, Equal Dignity, No hierarchical order, Absence of those identities which promote class division, equal access to resources, etc.  How will we get Equality? For answering this question, There have been many different means to get socialism around the world. Which can be summarized in three heads- Achieving Socialism by Change Of Heart. Achieving Socialism by Class Struggle.   Achievin
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