Prelims 2020-Modern History till 1885 .Timeline and Important Facts (Compilation)

 

Year	Events	Governor-General & Viceroy
1600-1650	1600- Charter by queen solely right to commerce in the east.   1608- Captain William Hawkins Reached Surat- Request Jahangir to give permission to business.   1609- Jahangir issued a Farman permitting English to establish a factory permanently at Surat.   1613- The English East India Company's factory was set up at Surat   1615- Sir Thomas Roe obtained two farmans from the Mughal Court confirming free trade with exemption from inland toll.   1616- The East India Company established its branch factory at Masulipatnam.   1632-Golden Farman issued by Sultan of Golkunda- with the right to trade in the kingdom of Golkunda for a fixed customs duty   1633- The eastern branch factory of East India Company was established in Hariharpur, Balasore   1639- The local king of Madras(Now Chennai) granted the Company a lease.
1650-1700	1651- Nawab Shuja-ud-din of Bengal granted the English, the right to carry on their trade on payment of a fixed duty.-First English Factory in Bengal.   1662- King Charles II of England was given Bombay (Now Mumbai) as dowry after marrying the Portuguese princess   1667- The English obtained the royal farman to trade in Bengal from the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.   1687-The English East India Company replaced its headquarters from Surat to Bombay.   1691-The Governor of Bengal gave the English Company Dastaks (Free trade passes) on the payment of a fixed duty.
1700-1750	1700- Murshid Quli khan became deewan of Bengal (Murshid Quli khan succeeded by Shujauddin-Sarfaraz khan(killed by Alivardi(Deputy governor of Bihar)) – then Alivardi khan – Siraj-ud-dhaula{BlackHole Tragedy})   1707- Aurangzeb death.   1717-Farrukhshiyar gave Farman to British the right to reside and trade in the Mughal Empire- given the right to issue dastak (passes) for the movement of goods   1738-39 – Nadir shah(Persian ruler) attacked India-Mughal emperor (Muhammad Shah)-Peacock throne and Kohinoor looted --- Ahmad shah Abdali successor of Nadir shah looted India between 1748-1767   1743- Robert clive came madras from England
1750-1772	1756- Alivardi khan died.   1757- February,the treaty of Alinagar - 23June-Battle of plassey,Robert Clive led army against sirajuddaula (+ French Allies defeated).-   Mir jafar became nawab after sirajuddaula.   1760-Mir jafar resigned under Company’s pressure and Mir Qasim installed.(Treaty between Qasim and company was signed)   1761-1782: Haider Ali  Ruled - (mysore).   1761- 3rd Battle of Panipat.- Abdali defeated Marathas-put an end to marathas’s ambition to rule over India   1764- Battle of Buxar – (Mir qasim+Shah Alam II+Nawab of Awadh,Shuja-ud-daula)combined were defeated By English (under major Hector Munro) and Mir jafar reinstalled. 1765- Mir jafar Died –then Nizam-ud-Daula (65-72)-East India company appointed as- Diwan of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa province. 1765- Treaty of Allahabad-2 Treaties concluded by Clive- 1.       With Nawab of Awadh,SHuja-ud-daula 2.       With Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II   -To issue Diwani rights of Bengal,Orissa and     Bihar - Company acquired both Diwani and Nizamat rights from Najam-ud-Daula- But the Company did not take over direct administration and revenue collection-Warren Hastings ended this Dual system of govt (in 1772).   - Turned Awadh into Buffer state(First state to fall into Trap of Subsidiary Alliance[HMTA](Accepting States-Hyderabad,Mysore,Tanjore,Awadh[officially in 1801], Peshwa,Bhonsle,Sindhia,Rajputs[Jodhpur, Jaipur,MAcheri,Bundi,Bharatpur], Holkar[Last Maratha confederation to accept S.A.-1818]) Oldest to survive  within S.A). -1856-Annexation was done under DoL(Wajid ALi shah exiled to Calcutta)) -To exercise Diwani functions company appointed -Muhammad Reza khan-for Bengal Raja Sitab Roy-for Bihar       1767- Appointment of James Russell as first surveyor general of Bengal-scientific survey started   1767-69 - First Anglo-Mysore war- Treaty of Madras(69)-Haider Ali was promise of British Help in when other enemy attack (Then Marathas attack-British didn’t help a reason for 2nd war(1780-84))   1772- Clive Cross examined by british parliament.	Robert Clive Gov. of Bengal (1764)
1772-1800	1772- New System of justice Established- two courts- Criminal court (faujdari adalat) under Qazi and Mufti supervision of collector and Civil court (diwani adalat).-Sadar Diwani Adalat Highest Appeal in case of civil matters     1773- First Regulating Act. A new Supreme Court(1774) and Court of appeal- the sadar nizamat adalat (calcutta)(1775) Est. under The Regulating Act of 1773.     1774- clive commited suicide.   1775- Hindu laws- asked to compile by 11 Pandits. N.B. Halhed Tras. it in English.   1775-82-First Anglo Maratha war 1775-Treaty of Surat-Raghunath Rao(Not legal heir) sought help from British-Signed treaty with British ceded territories of Salsette and Bassein to British-British Calcutta council condemned this treaty and made a new treaty -Treaty of Purandhar(76)-Renouncing Raghunath Rao 1779-Englsih Surrendered-Treaty of Wadgaon -Bombay govt relinquished all territories acquired by British since 1775-Treaty of Salbai(82)-This treaty guaranteed peace for 20 years-Salsette continue in possession of British     1778- Code of Muslim laws Compiled.       1780-84- Second Anglo Mysore war-Haidar ali alliance with Marathas and Nizam-Treaty of Mangalore By Tipu Sultan and British-Gave back sieged territories  -Non conclusive war 1782-1799: Mysore Ruled by Tipu Sultan. (s/o haider ali).     1780-First newspaper in India (James Augustus Hickey- The Bengal Gazette or Calcutta General Advertiser) 1784-The Calcutta Gazette 1788-The Madras Courier 1789-The Bombay Herald           1781- Calcutta Madrasah Established     1782- First Anglo-Maratha war- ended with Treaty Of Salbai.     1784-Pitt’s India act   1784- Asiatic Society   1785-To administer a large number of British Possessions Cornwallis introduced ICS   1785- Tipu stopped export of – sandalwood, pepper and cardamom. Warren Hastings went back to England.   1790-Third Anglo Mysore war- Tip declared War against Travancore bcz of breech of his rights . Travancore backed by British. With Marathas and Nizam, British attacked second time Seringapatam-Treaty of Seringapatam(92)_tipu’s 2 son were hostages by British.Tipu fulfilled treaty of Seringapatam and got his sons back.rtfg                               1799- Fourth Anglo Mysore war-Tipu was defeated First time by British General Stuart and then by General Harris-English were helped by Marathas and Nizam.	Warren Hastings (The first GG) (1773-85)   Richard Wellesley (1798-1805)
1800-1840	1801- The Nawab Of Awadh Forced to give over half of his territory to co.     1802-Bajirao fled to Bassein Signed a treaty with British-Treaty of Bassein 1803-05 - 2nd Anglo-Maratha War. British Occupied- Orissa, Territories of North including Agra and Delhi. Defeat of Bhonsle-Treaty of Devgaon Defeat of Sindhia- Treaty of Surajianjangaon Defeat of Holkar- Treaty of Rajpuraghat   1809- Treaty of Amritsar-  Charles T. Metcalfe, representing the British East India Company, and Ranjit Singh- Checked ambitions of Ranjit Singh to rule over India by accepting Sutlej as Boundary   1809-, The Amirs of Sindh signed a treaty of Eternal friendship" with the British-Both sides agreed to exclude French from Sindh- Treaty to tackle possible envasion of Russia [A more treaty was signed with Amirs-Treaty of 1832]   1813- A new policy of Paramountcy By Lord Hastings.[ Under this policy, the Company claimed that its authority was paramount or supreme, hence its power was greater than that of Indian states]   1816-Treaty of Sagauli- Gorkhas of Nepal & British(Favored British)   1817-19 - 3rd Anglo-maratha war- Peshwas, Bhonsle,Holkar  were defeated - Company’s Complete Control Over- South of Vindhyas and Peshwa Sent- Bithur(Kanpur). Treaty of Poona-With Peshwa Treaty of Gwalior-With Sindhia Treaty of Mandasor-With Holkar   1820- Warfare tech. changed; cavalry req. of company’s army declined due to british fighting with Burma.   1824- Anti-British resistance movement By Rani Chennamma (kitoor now Karnataka) Died -1829.   1824-26-First Burma War-Treaty of Yandabo (26)-Recognised Manipur Independent state       1829- Rayanna (chowkidar of sangoli, Kitoor) Carried 1829- resistance movement led by chennamma and Hanged- 1830 by british.   1830- East India Co. worried About Russia which could expand across Asia and N-W.   1831-Bentick took control over Mysore on grounds of misgovernance   1834- Slavery ended.   1838-Tripartite Treaty-Sindh(Shah Shuja)+Punjab(Ranjit Singh)+British-To address Afghan Problem   1838-1842- Co. established- Indirect Company Rule b/w the war in Afghanistan   1839-Sindh Accepts Subsidiary Alliance -1843- Sind Taken Over.     1839- Maharaja Ranjit Singh Died.   1839-42- First Anglo-Afghan war	Lord Hastings (1813-23)
1840-1885	. 1843- Sind Taken Ove   1845-46- First Anglo-Sikh war - Due to Sikh army crossed Sutlej river-(Disregarding -1809- Treaty of Amritsar)  - Treaty Of Lahore(46)-Humaliating by this Treaty over issue of Kashmir which was sold to Gulab Singh Sikhs rebelled again – Treaty Of Bhairowal (46)-Rani Jindan removed as Regent   1858-49- Second Anglo-Sikh war   – Mulraj,gvrnr of Multan revolted – Sher singh joined Multaj who was sent bY british to suppress the revolt but himself joined-Three Battles were fought- Battle of Ramnagar, Chillhanwala, Gujarat(Sikh surrendered). -1849- Punjab- Annexed-3 membered Board  was setup to administer Punjab -1853 board nullified-a chief commissioner placed(First-John Lawrence)   Annexation Under DoL[Dalhousie Annexed 8 states] *SJSBUNJA [1848- Satara, 1849-Jaitpur[UP,Mahoba]1850- Sambalpur[Orissa],Baghat[M.P.], 1852- Udaipur, 1853- Nagpur, 1854- Jhansi,1856- Awadh] **Bengal , Maratha, Sikhs{1849- Punjab},Mysore were annexed by military conquest.   1870-80-Second Afghan war-Treaty of Gandamak(79)	Lord Dalhousie (1848-56) (doctrine of lapse)
1885-	1885- Annexation of Burma into British India   1893-Durand Agreement   1904-Treaty of Lhasa-Anglo Tibet war